From 1170 to 1629, it lay in the County of Nassau, and from 1629 to 1721, it was in the county and later principality of Nassau-Idstein, all of which were territories within the Holy Roman Empire ruled by branches of the House of Nassau. Historically, Wiesbaden was a Nassauian city. Wiesbaden Main Station is connected to Frankfurt am Main by the Rhine-Main S-Bahn rapid transit system. This so-called AKK-Konflikt ( de:AKK-Konflikt) is the main cause for the rivalry between Mainz and Wiesbaden. Three of Wiesbaden's boroughs were part of the city of Mainz until 1945, and still bear the designation 'Mainz' in their names-the so-called AKK-boroughs of Mainz-Amöneburg, Mainz-Kastel, and Mainz-Kostheim. Wiesbaden lies in the Rheingau wine-growing region, one of Germany's 13 wine regions. The city is located on the Rhine, at the foothills of the Taunus, opposite the Rhineland-Palatine capital of Mainz, and the city centre is located in the wide valley of the small Salzbach stream.

This conurbation is in turn embedded in the Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region-Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr-which also includes the nearby cities of Frankfurt am Main, Darmstadt, Offenbach am Main, and Hanau, and has a combined population exceeding 5.8 million. Wiesbaden forms a conurbation with a population of around 500,000 with the neighbouring city of Mainz. With around 283,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 24th-largest city. 'meadow baths') is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.

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